Building a Simple Bank Management System in C++: A Complete Guide

In today’s digital world, managing and automating banking operations is more essential than ever. If you’re a student or a budding programmer looking to sharpen your skills, building a Bank Management System using C++ is an excellent mini-project that will enhance your understanding of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) concepts and help you learn how to handle real-world data through coding.

This guide walks you through creating a simple Bank Management System using C++. We’ll explore the project structure, its features, how it works, and key takeaways from developing this system.

Project Overview

The aim of this project is to create a basic bank management system that facilitates operations such as account creation, money transactions, and account status updates. The system is designed with two user roles—Admin and Customer—each having their specific functionalities.

Key Features of the Bank Management System

1. Admin Operations
   • Add new bank accounts.
   • View all existing accounts.
   • Activate or deactivate accounts.
   • Display the total number of bank accounts.
2. Customer Operations
   • Search for specific accounts using an account number.
   • Deposit funds into an active account.
   • Withdraw money from an account, ensuring there is sufficient balance.
   • Check the total balance of an account.
     

     Understanding the Project Structure

     The Account class represents individual bank accounts. It includes attributes such as account number, account holder name, balance, and the account’s active status. The class provides a structured way to store account details and allows for encapsulated data handling.

     class Account {
     public:
     string accountNumber;
     string accountHolderName;
     float balance;
     bool isActive;

     Account(string accNum = “”, string accHolder = “”, float bal = 0.0)
     : accountNumber(accNum), accountHolderName(accHolder), balance(bal), isActive(true) {}
     };

     • Data Members:
       The Account class uses data members to store account-specific information like the account number, holder’s name, balance, and whether the account is active.
     • Constructors:
       The constructor initializes the account details and sets the default status to active.

       2. The Bank Class

       The Bank class manages multiple accounts using an array. It contains methods for performing operations such as adding accounts, searching for specific accounts, depositing and withdrawing money, and updating account status.

       class Bank {
       private:
       static const int MAX_ACCOUNTS = 100;
       Account accounts[MAX_ACCOUNTS];
       int count;

       public:
       Bank() : count(0) {}

       void addAccount(const Account& account);
       void displayAccounts();
       void searchAccount(const string& accountNumber);
       void depositMoney(const string& accountNumber, float amount);
       void withdrawMoney(const string& accountNumber, float amount);
       void deactivateAccount(const string& accountNumber);
       void activateAccount(const string& accountNumber);
       int getAccountCount() const;
       };

       • Maximum Account Limit:
         This example limits the maximum number of accounts to 100.
       • Encapsulated Methods:
         The Bank class encapsulates methods for performing various operations related to accounts. This keeps the code modular and organized.

       3. User Interfaces: Admin and Customer Menus

       The system allows users to interact with either an admin menu or a customer menu, each providing different functionality.

        

       Admin Menu:

       Allows administrators to add accounts, display account details, deactivate or activate accounts, and check the number of accounts in the system.

       void adminMenu(Bank& bank) {
       // Code for admin functionalities
       }

       Customer Menu:
       Enables customers to search for accounts, deposit money, withdraw money, and view their balance.

       void customerMenu(Bank& bank) {
       // Code for customer functionalities
       }

       4. Main Program Logic

       The main program loop serves as the entry point for the system, allowing users to choose between admin or customer roles and perform corresponding actions.

       int main() {
       Bank bank;
       int userType;

       do {
       cout << “Welcome to the Bank Management System” << endl;
       cout << “Select User Type: ” << endl;
       cout << “1. Admin” << endl;
       cout << “2. Customer” << endl;
       cout << “3. Exit” << endl;
       cin >> userType;

       switch (userType) {
       case 1:
       adminMenu(bank);
       break;
       case 2:
       customerMenu(bank);
       break;
       case 3:
       cout << “Exiting the system…” << endl;
       break;
       default:
       cout << “Invalid selection. Please try again.” << endl;
       }
       } while (userType != 3);

       return 0;
       }

       How It Works

       1. Adding an Account:
          The admin enters the account number, account holder’s name, and the initial balance. This data is stored if the maximum limit of accounts is not reached.
       2. Searching for an Account:
          The customer enters an account number to retrieve account details.
       3. Depositing Money:
          Funds are added to an account’s balance, provided it is active.
       4. Withdrawing Money:
          Allows withdrawal if the account is active and has sufficient funds.
       5. Account Activation/Deactivation:
          The admin can change the status of an account as required.

       Learning Points from the Project

       1. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
          This project demonstrates how to use classes and objects to structure a system. It illustrates encapsulation, one of the core OOP concepts, to keep data and functions within classes.
       2. Input/Output Handling
          Managing user input and displaying messages correctly helps provide a better user experience.
       3. Code Modularity
          The project is divided into functions that handle different tasks, making it easy to read, maintain, and scale.

       Potential Improvements and Future Enhancements

       • User Authentication:
         Adding a login system for admins and customers to secure access.
       • File Storage:
         Implementing file handling to persist data even after the program terminates.
       • Graphical User Interface (GUI):
         Introducing a GUI for a better user experience.

         Source Code  File And Access Link for the Bank Management System

          

         

                             BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MINI PROJECT File

         

          

          

         Github1

         Github2

         Portfolio1

         Portfolio1

         Project Creators:  The Bank Management System project was developed collaboratively by Arti and Avinash Kumar, demonstrating their dedication to creating a robust mini-project using C++ that efficiently handles basic banking operations. This initiative reflects their commitment to applying programming knowledge to solve practical problems in the financial domain.